There are 200 types of dwarfism, and primordial dwarfism is the rarest of all conditions. It is estimated that there are a total of around 100 cases in the world, 40 of which are in the US. The syndrome is characterised by the smallest stature of all kinds of dwarfs, a high-pitched voice and limited life expectancy. Primordial dwarfism is caused by a recessive gene carried by both parents, which is so rare it has yet to be identified.