The Bristol-born musician had said in a social media post in July that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer.
Massive Attack confirmed the death on Tuesday, calling Bruschini “a brilliant, eccentric talent”.
Sharing a black and white image of the guitarist on Instagram, the band said it was “impossible to quantify your contribution”.
“How lucky we were to share such a life together,” the band’s tribute added.
The trip-hop band was formed in the 1980s and secured two number-one albums in the UK with Mezzanine and 100th Window.
They won a Brit award in 1996 for best British dance act and the outstanding contribution to British music prize at the Ivor Novello Awards in 2009.
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