The atmosphere in the Attica basin is suffocating from the African dust which has made its reappearance.

The snapshots from Athens as recorded by Eurokinissi are typical of the situation.

See photos:

The alarm of the lung specialists:

This natural event may have a significant impact on the health of our country’s residents, mainly through the deterioration of air quality, says the Hellenic Respiratory Society (HRS).

It notes that African dust carries particles in a wide range of sizes, such as PM10, PM2.5 or even much smaller, and can also entrain pollutants from the atmosphere.

The increase in particulate matter in the atmosphere can exacerbate respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and allergies.

People with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable during periods of elevated dust levels and this is reflected in increased hospital admissions.

Particular attention is required for residents of urban centres and areas with already poor air quality.

Effects on the respiratory system. One of the primary health impacts of African dust is its effect on respiratory health. Fine dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.

For people with conditions such as asthma, bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exposure to these particles can worsen symptoms, leading to shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and chest discomfort.

Allergies and irritation. African dust can cause allergic-type reactions in some individuals, respiratory irritation, nasal congestion, sneezing and watery eyes. People with allergies or sensitivities to environmental factors may experience increased symptoms during periods of elevated levels of African dust.

Cardiovascular effects. In addition to respiratory problems, exposure to African dust has been linked to cardiovascular problems. Particulate matter can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and vasoconstriction, which can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Effect on the immune system. Prolonged exposure to African dust can also affect the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections and other diseases. The inflammatory response caused by dust particles can weaken the body’s defences and make it difficult to fight pathogens.

Long-term health risks. Chronic exposure to African dust and its associated pollutants has been associated with long-term health risks, including respiratory diseases, reduced lung function, cardiovascular disorders and even some types of cancer.

Continued exposure to high levels of particulate matter can have cumulative health effects over time. According to a 2020 review of the impact of dust on air quality in Europe, an estimated 42,000 deaths/year are attributed to dust, while in Mediterranean countries it has been estimated that 27-44% of the number of deaths related to PM10 particles are attributed to African dust.

It is important that people, especially those with respiratory problems, take precautions during periods of elevated levels of African dust.

Guidance to help minimise the effects of the phenomenon

Stay informed. Monitor air quality reports and weather forecasts to know when African dust levels are expected to be high.

Limit outdoor activities. If possible, avoid spending extended periods of time outdoors when dust levels are high, especially during windy days when particles are more likely to be suspended in the air.

Close windows and doors. While homes and workplaces should generally be ventilated, during periods of African dust outbreaks, ventilate a little in the morning and then keep windows and doors closed to prevent dust particles from entering your home or workplace. If you have one, use air purifiers or filters to improve indoor air quality.

Use masks. When you go outside, especially in dusty conditions, consider wearing a mask to reduce the inhalation of dust particles.

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Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water. During periods of elevated dust levels, it is highly recommended that people with pre-existing respiratory conditions take precautions to minimise the health effects of exposure to dust particles.

Patients with asthma may need to increase the dosage or frequency of inhaled medications based on the control plan recommended by their doctor to reduce symptoms. It should be noted that at this stage special attention is recommended for asthmatics due to spring allergies.

Patients with COPD may need to increase their palliative treatment with inhaled medications.